Effects of Trailers in Film Campaigns

Impacts of Trailers in Film Campaigns As the principle capacity of a film trailer is to advertise the film and elevate to a scope of crowds film trailers are additionally a type of convincing workmanship and limited time account, they are intended to make you need to take a brief trip and see the film being appeared at the film. As film trailers do give you the free example of the film being promoted they likewise work as a device to permit us to know about what movies have been discharged on film and as Lisa Kernan states, ‘Trailers are a film of (coming) attractions.’ What's more, this basically implies film trailers are singular occasions permitting us to likewise observe up and coming occasions later on. Film trailers license the watchers to produce assessments of their own so they can choose which movies to proceed to watch. Trailers are my picked theme for this paper, it will concentrate on the rule highlights of the film trailers, where I will break down contextual investigations to feature the utilization of exemplary American film methods and consequently the examination will address the inquiries, what is a film trailer? How does a film trailer make meaning? Film trailers drew out into the open the capacity they need to reconfigure a full length film story into a short true to life film. It is this factor which carries me to break down film trailers intently. I will be intently focusing on a picked component of the broad range the advertising effort. Specifically I have decided to investigate film trailers. From Marketing I will proceed onward to film trailers, where I am going to point out the structure of film trailer, which will comprise of breaking down and distinguishing the standard highlights. These are its minimum necessities, the Narrative, the Genre, the Sound; they are joined to make a film trailer. Every one of these components will be examined alongside a few contextual analyses to give guides to the utilization of these components. I will be searching for the utilization of altering procedures to decide how they make meaning and wanted impacts, such methods incorporate advances, kinds of shot and connecting gadgets alongside the utilization of subtitles. Other such strategies that will be raised are the accentuation on the remarkable selling purpose of a film and utilizing the star framework to sell the film. These methods consequently will show how the story, the class are a portion of the standard highlights establishing to the general structure of a film trailer. Further more into the investigation I will take a gander at sound strategies, for example, voice over portrayal, the sound track and audio effects made for the film trailers. These strategies will decide the importance Sound brings to the film trailer. Generally by taking a gander at these methods in various film trailers I will show how these guideline highlights make impacts and show how they work and what implications they produce. When I have set up the implications of the structure of a film I will take a gander at the elements of a trailer in its proposed showcase. I will discuss the elements of the promoting effort as an all out methodology. I will comprehensively investigate the promoting effort to clarify its significance in the film business. Inside in showcasing I will be taking a gander at the capacities and impacts of Distribution, advancement and promoting as the more extensive setting wherein film trailers fit into. I will consider factors, for example, statistical surveying into social societies and why it is fundamental, what's more with web promoting and circulation as an apparatus for the mass crowd. Proceeding onward from the showcasing of film trailers to the real creation and methods utilized in trailers known as the structure. First I am going to take a gander at the film trailer all in all and state quickly what components are utilized to develop the film trailer this will give us the groundwork’s and foundation data for film trailers so I can begin to recognize the better components in detail. As a rule film trailers will in general show us the most fascinating pictures from a film; the scenes that will speak to the watchers or make them snicker or make a feeling of dread, anything to energize the crowd. To characterize a trailer to its minimum necessities, I pose the inquiry what makes a film trailer unmistakable and uncommon. I accept that when certain key highlights are assembled they make an amazing convincing type of scaled down film. It is the utilization of methods where the trailers are made in there style that makes them unmistakable, as later I will demonstrate in my examination that every trailer moves toward the structure and style in indicating the film in an interesting and individual manner while as yet utilizing exemplary Hollywood film procedures. The utilization of various shots and joining these shots to accentuate the movies best highlights just as the utilization of changes and illustrations are some great Hollywood procedures utilized in advancing a film trailer. My examination in film trailers has persuade that the utilization of montage successions and shot determination are the components that unite the account, kind and sound to make the film trailers. ‘It is the limit of film trailers to pass on data non-verbally through mise-en-scene, altering, camera developments and outward appearances that gives the ability to advance in such a major way’ Account The primary rule highlight of film trailers is the account. The film trailer makes a different account to introduce the story of the full length film. Portrayal is the recounting a story, and the plot of a film trailer infers story data. It is the narrational part of trailers which is critical to their creation of significance. A few trailers center more around this component as the film in all probability covers significant issues or contain an importance of some significance these kinds of stories are known as non-anecdotal. Anecdotal movies will in general spotlight on disclosing the foundation data to set up the story, I am going to take a gander at a particular classification of film trailers, I have picked activity films traversing over the 1970’s 80’s and 90’s. The Terminator film is an ideal case of a trailer that utilizes a particular strategy of plot improvement. The account work is to present the character, for this situation study it is ‘The Terminator’ where the story suggests a pursuit and wreck plot. The voice over states what the plot will be about by saying a couple of realities, the last scarcely any words that are said clarify the sort of plot improvement you can expect in the film, It will have just one reason, to come back to the present and forestall what's to come. This weapon will be known as The Terminator. With out this data the crowd would be confounded and the trailer would get discretionary; the account gives the film setting first alongside the pictures which uncover a greater amount of the plot. The utilization of account to clarify the movies importance and reason for existing is basic, the capacity of story in this trailer shows the strategy of an objective orientated plot. †¦there are objective orientated plots, in which a character finds a way to accomplish an ideal article or situation Plot improvement is a method utilized in numerous other activity film trailers as I have taken note. The Die Hard film trailer uncovers a plot where the focal character John McLain is attempting to spare his better half who has been kidnapped among numerous others in a structure. This plot uncovers examples of rehashed activity. Trailers use plot examples to permit the crowd to anticipate a particular kind of plot, the crowd make their own increasingly explicit goals, as the trailer continues uncovering the crowds desires become progressively exact. Outsiders is an ideal case of an inquiry and devastate plot design that is distinguished in the main scene of the film where the female courageous woman known as Sigourney weaver poses an inquiry and gets a basic answer. This limited quantity of exchange clarifies the advancement of plot you can hope to find in the film itself. Simply disclose to me one thing Berk, we’re going out to wreck them†¦rite, not to examine, not to bring back, however to clear them out? †¦That’s the arrangement! In spite of the fact that this discourse alone is unjustified until you see the activity that tails it. This announcement suggests that there is something out there and not of an inviting sort, Sigourney’s goals are to go out there and crush something. Obviously story in trailers assumes an indispensable job in the production of significance in conveying the account plot of the full length film accurately, without uncovering excessively however making it sufficiently fascinating. The two trailers referenced above use voice over to portray the story data where as my next model utilizes the utilization of entomb titles. The bury titles are words on a clear screen or superimposed over pictures, which add to the importance of the plot or story data. Furthermore they are utilized as a progress among existence, the demonstrative implications of the words are deciphered by social societies who relate the words to the idea of the general public wherein they live in. The trailer lets the pictures uncover progressively about the style and discourse of the film, while the entomb titles imply various implications and advises the crowds regarding what's in store in the film. This is an alternate procedure to illuminate the crowd regarding the kind of plot improvement they can anticipate. Notwithstanding the account improvement of plots, the center part of the trailer shows the occasions that characterize activity and experience are the reasons for the postponements of anticipated results. These occasions may cause anticipation, dread, fervor and shock. For instance in the Die hard film trailer the quantity of hindrances John McLain needs to battle through to spare his better half are only the deferred desires, making tension and advancing through to the last peaks of the film. In spite of the fact that this genuine film trailers vary somewhat in the way that scenes are shown paving the way to the peak yet you need to recall it is just a trailer and its motivation

Free Essays on Tenesee Williams

Tennessee Williams On the off chance that you have ever seen crafted by Tennessee Williams in front of an audience or at the theater you may ponder â€Å"what sort of individual could think of this stuff? It appears to be excessively natural to him, as though he in truth survived it.† Productions, for example, â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† which shows a broken family make you wonder if Mr. Williams had only a smidgen of understanding on the issue. The issues that went on in his family unit could have in certainty been a tremendous factor in his theater achievement and the reason for his psychological unsettling influences. In the accompanying sections I will talk about Mr. Williams family life, his affection life and his well known honors and creations. Tennessee Williams was conceived Thomas Lanier Williams on March 26, 1911 in Columbus, Mississippi. He was a center offspring of three kids and was regularly dependent upon his folks visit contentions (Williams 10). His dad was a shoe sales rep and his mom was the little girl of a pastor. Individuals accept that Tennessee utilized his own connection between his mom as motivation for the play. His mom permitted a lobotomy to be done on Tennessee’s sister, Rose, which enormously upset Williams (Rader 23). His mom didn't care for any of Rose’s companions which was the reason for a forlorn adolescence, and in the end a mental meltdown. He dealt with her for the greater part of her grown-up life. He stifled to death in 1983 on a jug top in his lodging (Smith 198). Tennessee was a man of an alternate taste. He delighted in the organization of men over ladies. To lay it out simply, he was a gay. In 1947 he became hopelessly enamored with a war veteran by the name of Frank Merlot. Merlot was simply one more impact in Williams’ regularly developing riotous life. At the point when Merlot kicked the bucket of lung malignancy, Williams went into a profound misery that went on for an incredible remainder (Rader 95). He lived in consistent dread that he would go insane as his sister did before him. He combat with solution pil... Free Essays on Tenesee Williams Free Essays on Tenesee Williams Tennessee Williams In the event that you have ever seen crafted by Tennessee Williams in front of an audience or at the theater you may ponder â€Å"what sort of individual could think of this stuff? It appears to be excessively natural to him, as though he in truth survived it.† Productions, for example, â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† which shows a broken family make you wonder if Mr. Williams had only a smidgen of knowledge on the issue. The issues that went on in his family could have in actuality been a gigantic factor in his theater achievement and the reason for his psychological unsettling influences. In the accompanying passages I will talk about Mr. Williams family life, his affection life and his renowned honors and creations. Tennessee Williams was conceived Thomas Lanier Williams on March 26, 1911 in Columbus, Mississippi. He was a center offspring of three youngsters and was regularly dependent upon his folks visit contentions (Williams 10). His dad was a shoe sales rep and his mom was the girl of a clergyman. Individuals accept that Tennessee utilized his own connection between his mom as motivation for the play. His mom permitted a lobotomy to be done on Tennessee’s sister, Rose, which incredibly upset Williams (Rader 23). His mom didn't care for any of Rose’s companions which was the reason for a desolate youth, and in the end a mental meltdown. He dealt with her for a large portion of her grown-up life. He stifled to death in 1983 on a container top in his lodging (Smith 198). Tennessee was a man of an alternate taste. He appreciated the organization of men over ladies. To lay it out simply, he was a gay. In 1947 he experienced passionate feelings for a war veteran by the name of Frank Merlot. Merlot was simply one more impact in Williams’ regularly developing riotous life. At the point when Merlot kicked the bucket of lung malignant growth, Williams went into a profound wretchedness that went on for an incredible remainder (Rader 95). He lived in consistent dread that he would go insane as his sister did before him. He combat with solution pil...

How to Use Wordpress for Business Purposes

How to Use Wordpress for Business Purposes If you are looking to incorporate blogging into your marketing mix, look no further than WordPress. WordPress is the world’s most popular blogging platform, supporting approximately 19% of the world’s blogs and websites as of 2014. It is not only the most well-known brand in the blogosphere; it has grown to become one of the most popular website content management systems in use today.WordPress was founded in 2003 by web developers Mike Mullenweg and Mike Little. It began as a fork â€" an independently developed project built from the source code of an existing software package (in this case, a blogging project known as b2/cafelog). The following year, WordPress rapidly gained users and contributing developers after the main competing blogging software at the time, Moveable Type, increased its prices. In subsequent years, the functionality and flexibility of WordPress grew, as did its user base. As of February 2014 â€" 11 years after its creation â€" WordPress supported 74.6 mill ion sites, six new WordPress.com posts were made per second, and 22% of new registered domains in the U.S. were through WordPress. © Shutterstock.com | denniznIn this article, we will look at, 1) purpose of WordPress, 2) benefits of WordPress, 3) how to setup a WordPress account, 4) using WordPress for business blogs, 5) SEO, 6) terms specific to WordPress, 7) WordPress.org vs. WordPress.com, and 8) case study: Marriott International.PURPOSE OF WORDPRESSWordPress is an open-source blogging platform and content management system (CMS). It was originally designed as a blogging software package, but its functionality makes it attractive to web developers as a CMS for personal and professional websites. It can be used as either, and many major brands, such as Samsung, Yahoo, PlayStation, General Electric, and Forbes, use WordPress to power their corporate websites.WordPress Tutorial 1: An Introduction BENEFITS OF  WORDPRESSThere are many benefits to blogging in general and using WordPress in particular. If you are an entrepreneur, you may wonder why you would spend time blogging to begin with. There are a number of reasons:A regularly updated blog with insightful content can help raise the profile of your leadership team and brand them as influencers in your industry. It establishes you and your firm as an authority in your industry, especially if the media, other bloggers, and social media influencers share your content.A staff-authored blog can help build or strengthen a personal connection your customers have with your brand.A blog can broaden your reach. The blogging ecosphere can spread your content beyond your target market. WordPress blogs also are easy to search engine optimize, and can enhance your overall visibility in search results.Blogging drives traffic to your other digital assets, most notably your website.You can generate leads through your blogs. You can capture potential customer info by offering free incentives in exchange for contact informationNow consider the benefits of blogging using WordPress:WordPress is massively customizable and can be configured to fit your marke ting vision and business needs.It is easy for a single user or multiple users to add new and/or update existing content; it is also easy to integrate social media to increase the reach of said content.You can monetize your blog by integrating an ad-serving platform like Google AdSense.As an open source package, there is a significant amount of product support, from online resources to user forums to WordCamp unconferences (conferences for WordPress web developers). There is also continuous development of new features in the form of Themes, Plugins and more.HOW TO SET UP A  WORDPRESS ACCOUNT © WordPressFor the purposes of a business blog, you will want to set up your account on WordPress.com, rather than WordPress.org (we will cover the difference between the two later in this blog). You can easily do this by visiting WordPress.com and selecting the domain name at which you would like your blog to reside. You will then be prompted for an email address, username, and password and be offered the option to purchase the domain name you have opted if it is available. You will also be shown a list of free or paid WordPress.com options. The WordPress for Business option, which costs $299.00 per year (as of July 2014) affords you an unlimited choice of Themes, file storage space, and e-commerce tools, along with a free domain name. Select this option, enter your payment details, and get ready to launch your blog!Choose a WordPress themeOnce you have your basic WordPress account set up, and logged in, select the Dashboard link. Your Dashboard allows you to control all areas of y our blog, including its look and features. The first thing you may want to do is determine the appearance of your blog. In the left-hand menu, select “Appearance” and then “Themes.” This takes you to a library of different Themes â€" software packages that control the appearance of your blog. You can choose one of the many themes offered by WordPress for free. The company also allows web developers the opportunity to sell Themes they have developed to you and other WordPress users. Many of these themes incorporate different aesthetics and functionality then basic WordPress themes. When browsing Themes, you can select “Preview” to see how a particular theme would look applied to your site. Once you have a preferred Theme in mind, click “Activate,” and the Theme will automatically be applied to your blog. You can change Themes at any time but once you have begun to upload content (and especially customizing your Theme), changing it may affect how your content appears.C ustomize your ThemeUnder “Appearance” and “Themes,” select “Customize” to modify your Theme further to your firm’s specifications. For example, your preferred Theme may not have your firm’s colors. Here, you can change them. You can also modify the theme’s widgets â€" software components that users see and interact with, such as a form or calendar. Please note that customization at this level is through a WYSIWYG editor. Deeper customization requires knowledge of PHP and CSS.Add UsersManaging a corporate blog can be difficult for a single user. WordPress allows you to provide other individuals with the ability to access your blog. You can assign them one of five roles Follower, Contributor, Author, Editor, or Administrator. Each role carries a different level of access to your blog, with a Follower having the least access and an Administrator having as many privileges as you. You grant people user roles by entering their email address into the form that appears on the “Invite New Users to Your Blog” (accessed by selecting “Users” and then “Invite New” below it.Customize Your Blogs SettingsThe “Settings” menu contains many important items to configure. For example, how many items should appear on your main page at most? Should search engines be allowed to index your site? What should be the default size for images you upload? It is worth selecting “Settings” and running through each submenu to ensure that your blog functions exactly as you intend.USING WORDPRESS FOR BUSINESS BLOGSOnce you have configured your blog’s functionality, customized it, and familiarized yourself with the back-end, you are ready to get started. You could launch your blog by drafting a post about the first thing that occurs to you. However, that would be a mistake. Too often would-be bloggers post as ideas occur to them and struggle with uneven output. Or they struggle to keep a regular schedule of posts, lose their passion for the process, and th eir content suffers. To ensure consistent compelling content appears on your blog, it is critical that you start with a content strategy.Creating content strategyA content strategy is simply a plan that outlines for a particular publication how you will obtain content, what kind of content you will obtain, and when it will be published. In a business context, this should always be aligned with the firm’s broader strategic marketing goals, and should incorporate an analysis of existing data and metrics. For example, if the primary objective of a particular marketing department is to generate sales leads for the sales department, then a blog’s content strategy might provide daily or weekly free incentives, available only to blog readers who provide their contact information via an online form.The first part of your content strategy should include how you will create your blog content.Creating contentThere are a number of ways to create for your blog including writing it yourself, curating content from the web, and outsourcing content.Writing YourselfWriting content yourself is usually the first option you will consider. No one knows your firm, and perhaps your area of expertise, better than you do. However, writing the content yourself can also be tremendously time-consuming. When blogging for business, you are usually not just writing. You are paying attention to keywords and phrases that are trending, you are framing your content, â€" text, picture, and video, in such a way to increase search engine visibility, and you are considering how sharable your post is across social media. If you do opt to create the content yourself, it is even more imperative that you create an editorial calendar as part of your content strategy and determine, as much in advance as possible exactly what blog posts will be published when. One advantage of WordPress is that it allows you to schedule when content will be published to your blog in advance. Create drafts of blog posts based on planned events, product launches, holidays, and other events that are known in advance. You can then tweak them to ensure that they are still accurate near the date of occurrence.CuratingAnother strategy is to curate content. You can select content online and reblog it easily through sharing buttons on the content itself or through specific WordPress plugins. You can reblog as is or add a short opinion on the content yourself. By regularly scanning the web for compelling content and posting about it quickly, you can take advantage of the web traffic garnered by trending topics and viral stories and direct it to your blog.OutsourcingYou can also outsource your content’s creation to a freelancer, a content creation company, or a full-blown marketing firm. There are many options available to an entrepreneur who does not have the time to post their insights every day.Sharing contentYou want to make sure that your content is shared automatically across your other digital asse ts, such as your corporate website and social media accounts. This will drive traffic to your blog and help you achieve the marketing goal(s) your blog was designed to achieve.Other social media platformsSelecting “Sharing” under “Settings” in the Dashboard allows you to link your social media accounts to your WordPress blog. Once connected, your blog posts will automatically be shared with your social media accounts. WordPress also offers you the capability to add share buttons under each post to ensure that blog readers who like your posts can share your content across their social media accounts. This will help you broaden your reach and increase your visibility.Networking websitesFrom the “Sharing” link in your Dashboard, your content can also be connected to LinkedIn, which is critical. LinkedIn is the network for industry professionals and industry thought leaders. Ensuring your content appears here will help you establish credibility. However, do not stop at Linke dIn. Look into sharing your content with other similar networks like Entrepreneur Connect or CoFoundr. The wider you distribute your content, the more youll extend your visibility, grow your blog audience, and establish credibility.SEOWhen you have designed and launched your blog, have started gaining traffic and engagement, and begun to gain some recognition among your corporate peers, you may notice that you now appear higher in search results. Why is this? First, your blog helps to rank higher SERPS and hence should be bringing traffic not just to itself but also to your website. While search engine algorithms remain a closely guarded secret, high levels of traffic undoubtedly play a significant factor. A blog also provides a mechanism for creating fresh content and inbound links, which also help improve SEO.Matt Cutts From Google On WordPress and SEO TERMS SPECIFIC TO WORDPRESSThere are a number of key terms, specific to WordPress that you should know before setting up your Word Press blog. Among them:Gravatar â€" stands for “globally recognized avatar,” both a series of graphic avatars and the WordPress affiliated service that provides themPHP â€" stands for Hypertext Preprocessor, and is the programming language in which WordPress is writtenPlugin â€" a bit of software code unique to WordPress that provides extra functionalityTheme â€" a software package that determines the appearance of a program, in this case a WordPress blogA more comprehensive list of WordPress terminology can be found here.WORDPRESS.ORG vs. WORDPRESS.COMWordPress offers two versions of its blogging software, one through WordPress.com, which you can link to your own website. The other is a free software installation through WordPress.org that you must host either on your server, or on that of a web-hosting company. The advantage of this version is that you can manage every aspect of the site â€" more so than the WordPress.com version. The disadvantage is that a deep level of custo mization requires technical expertise, which you may not have in-house. The self-hosted version is likely better for firms wishing to use WordPress as a content management system for their corporate website and thusly needing a high degree of customization. However, for a straightforward business blog, the .com version of WordPress is best. © WordPressCASE STUDY:  MARRIOTT INTERNATIONALThere are a number of great business blogs out there. One that has garnered industry praise is the Marriott International’s blog, written by Bill Marriott, Chairman and CEO of the firm.In it, he shares his business insights, as well as personal stories. His readers are able to interact with him, deepening their connection with the brand, and, through social media share buttons, spread his words of wisdom. The WordPress powered blog integrates e-commerce functionality, YouTube videos, social media sharing buttons, and regular, compelling content. It is a great example of the flexibility of the platform and the potential of blogging for business.

French Expression Explained Par Contre, Against

Expression: Par contre   Pronunciation: [par co(n)tr] Meaning: on the other hand, whereas, but Literal translation: by against Register: normal Explanation The French expression par contre is used to contrast two statements: Cet article est fascinant. Par contre, la grammaire est à ©pouvantable.This article is fascinating. The grammar, on the other hand, is appalling.Si Clara est trà ¨s sympa, par contre son mari est agaà §ant.Clara is really nice, whereas her husband is annoying. Grammar French grammarians and dictionaries have argued about par contre for hundreds of years. All but purists now generally agree that par contre is acceptable when there is a clear contrast between two ideas and the second one is negative, as in the above examples. However, they take a lesser view of par contre when it introduces a second statement which supports, compensates for, or adds information to the first. Many French speakers use par contre in this way, but generally speaking, its better to reserve it for negative meanings, and instead use en revanche when the meaning is positive or neutral. Jai oublià © de faire mes devoirs. Par contre — En revanche, il y avait un supplà ©ant et il ne les a pas ramassà ©s.​I forgot to do my homework. But there was a substitute teacher and he didnt collect it When the two statements are not in opposition—that is, when youre really just in need of a filler or transition—something like mais is preferable. Tu ne dois pas venir avec nous. Par contre — Mais est-ce que tu sais oà ¹ sont mes clà ©s  ?You dont have to come with us. But do you know where my keys are? The Great Par Contre Debate French grammarians and dictionaries have argued about  par contre  for hundreds of years. It all started with Voltaires  Conseils à   un journaliste  (1737): La plupart des gens de lettres qui travaillent en Hollande, oà ¹ se fait le plus grand commerce de livres, sinfectent dune autre espà ¨ce de barbarie, qui vient du langage des marchands  ; ils commencent à   à ©crire  par contre, pour  au contraire. Voltaires criticism was embellished more than a century later in the  Dictionnaire de la langue franà §aise, better known as  Littrà ©Ã‚  (1863-1872), setting the stage for the debate that continues even today: Par contre  est une locution dont plusieurs se servent, pour dire  en compensation,  en revanche  :  Si les artisans sont ordinairement pauvres, par contre ils se portent bien  ;  Si le vin est cher cette annà ©e, par contre il est bon. Cette locution, qui a à ©tà © tout particulià ¨rement critiquà ©e par Voltaire et qui paraà ®t provenir du langage commercial, peut se justifier grammaticalement, puisque la langue franà §aise admet, en certains cas, de doubles prà ©positions,  de contre,  daprà ¨s, etc. mais elle ne se justifie guà ¨re logiquement,  par contre  signifiant bien plutà ´t  contrairement  que  en compensation, et devant provenir de quelque ellipse commerciale (par contre  ayant à ©tà © dit pour  par contre-envoi)  ; en tout cas, il convient de suivre lavis de Voltaire et de ne transporter cette locution hors du langage commercial dans aucun style. In  Attendu que...  (1943), Andrà © Gide offered perhaps the first rejoinder: Je sais bien que Voltaire et  Littrà ©Ã‚  proscrivent cette locution; mais  «Ã‚  en revanche  Ã‚ » et  «Ã‚  en compensation  Ã‚ », formules de remplacement que  Littrà ©Ã‚  propose, ne me paraissent pas toujours convenables [†¦] Trouveriez-vous dà ©cent quune femme vous dise  :  «Ã‚  Oui, mon frà ¨re et mon mari sont revenus saufs de la guerre; en revanche jy ai perdu mes deux fils  Ã‚ »Ã‚  ? ou  «Ã‚  la moisson na pas à ©tà © mauvaise, mais en compensation toutes les pommes de terre ont pourri  Ã‚ »Ã‚  ?  «Ã‚  Par contre  Ã‚ » mest nà ©cessaire et, me pardonne  Littrà ©, je my tiens. Albert Doppagnes  Trois aspects du franà §ais contemporain  (1966) is equally blunt: le succà ¨s quont rà ©servà © à  Ã‚  par contre  la plupart des à ©crivains du XXe sià ¨cle, le fait quil ne soit pas toujours remplaà §able par les locutions par lesquelles on propose de le remplacer, là ©gitiment tout à   fait lutilisation de cette locution. Meanwhile,  par contre  had been included as a business term in the Acadà ©mie franà §aises 1835 and 1878 editions, then excluded in 1932, only to be re-added in 1988 along with a  lukewarm comment: Condamnà ©e par  Littrà ©Ã‚  daprà ¨s une remarque de Voltaire, la locution adverbiale  Par contre  a à ©tà © utilisà ©e par dexcellents auteurs franà §ais, de Stendhal à   Montherlant, en passant par Anatole France, Henri de Rà ©gnier, Andrà © Gide, Marcel Proust, Jean Giraudoux, Georges Duhamel, Georges Bernanos, Paul Morand,  Antoine de Saint-Exupà ©ry, etc. Elle ne peut donc à ªtre considà ©rà ©e comme fautive, mais lusage sest à ©tabli de la dà ©conseiller, chaque fois que lemploi dun autre adverbe est possible. Ce nest pas toujours le cas [comme] Gide remarquait [...] Le Bon Usage  (13e à ©dition, 2004) is more enthusiastic: Par contre, qui nest pas rà ©cent [...], est entrà © dans lusage gà ©nà ©ral, mà ªme le plus exigeant, au cours du XIXe s., malgrà © la rà ©sistance des puristes. [...] Nous pourrions citer plus dune centaine dauteurs, notamment environ quarante membres de lAcad. fr. [...] Les puristes recommendant duser den compensation  ou den revanche, lesquels ne conviennent pas toujours, comme Gide le fait remarquer [...] And  Le Grand Robert  (CD-ROM v2.0, 2005) agrees: Par contre  a à ©tà © condamnà © par certains pà ©dagogues puristes; cependant il nest pas toujours remplaà §able. Il introduit un avantage ou un inconvà ©nient, alors que  en compensation  et  en revanche  nintroduisent quun avantage. Si on peut les employer dans la phrase  «Ã‚  Sil na pas de cÅ“ur, par contre il est intelligent  Ã‚ »,  il est  impossible de les substituer à  Ã‚  par contre  dans celle-ci  :  «Ã‚  Sil est intelligent, par contre il na pas de cÅ“ur  Ã‚ ».  Mais  ninsiste pas assez sur lopposition.   Au contraire  marque une opposition trop prà ©cise. Purists may continue to disagree, but in my opinion, Hanse-Blampains  Nouveau dictionnaire des difficultà ©s du franà §ais moderne  (2005) offers the best analysis and the final word on the subject: Par contre, qui exprime une opposition de faà §on plus nuancà ©e que  mais, est entrà © depuis trà ¨s longtemps dans le meilleur usage, malgrà © Voltaire et les puristes, et est dailleurs utile et mà ªme parfois nà ©cessaire. On le dà ©finit mal en le donnant comme synonyme de  «en compensation, en revanche », qui expriment aussi une opposition.  En compensation, comme  en contrepartie, doit introduire un avantage.  En revanche  doit aussi logiquement avoir toujours ce sens, lià © à   celui de  revanche; mais on le substitue parfois à  Ã‚  par contre, quon nose employer:  Il joue fort bien du violon; en revanche cest un pià ¨tre chef dorchestre  (GLLF). Il faudrait dire  par contre, qui est plus neutre et (cest capital) introduit un avantage ou un inconvà ©nient opposà © à   ce qui prà ©cà ¨de:  Il est un peu paresseux,  par contre  il est honnà ªte  ou  Il est assurà ©ment honnà ªte,  par contre  il est trop naà ¯f. Lorsque  par contre  introduit là ©noncà © dune perte, dun inconvà ©nient, il ne peut à ªtre remplacà © par  en compensation  et il ne devrait pas là ªtre par  en revanche.  Andrà © Gide la fort bien montrà ©, il y a longtemps dà ©jà   [...]

Violent Video Games - 857 Words

Should Violent Video Games be Banned? â€Å"Learning is a deep human need, like mating and eating, and like all such needs it is meant to be deeply pleasurable to human beings.† ― James Paul Gee, Why Video Games Are Good for Your Soul: Pleasure and Learning. Some people have controversial argument that violent video games should be banned, claiming about the content of video games can change the behavior and attitudes of the players. Since the early 2000s, advocates of video games have emphasized their use as an expressive medium, arguing for their protection under the laws governing freedom of speech and also as an educational tool. Violent video games allow players to divert their aggression into the virtual world instead of the real one.†¦show more content†¦Some people want to play video games which causes many negative side effects on children, but video games can also be good for developing cognitive, physical, and many more hidden skills. Furthermore, they can also be cheaper than television . Although there are the negative side effects of video games, I have found evidence of many positive effects games have on children. Video games are looked down upon by parents as time waster, and worse, some education experts think that these games corrupt the brain. Violent video games are readily blamed by the media and some experts as the reason why some youth become violent or commit extreme anti-social behavior. However, many scientists and psychologists find that video games can actually have many benefits, the main one being making kids smart. Video games may actually teach kids high-level thinking skill that they will need in the future. Video games help young people to understand and learn to control their emotions. When they faced with a problem and disappointed, they often do not know how to react. The society puts a heavy weight of expectations on teens and often they are not able to fulfill the hopes of their parents and teachers. It leads to an array of mixed emotions and feeling that children do not know how to deal with. When playing video games that trigger the outburst of strong emotions, children learn to recognize theirShow MoreRelatedViolent Games And Violent Video Games1122 Words   |  5 PagesAs video game images become increasingly more realistic and graphic. Therefore, is there any link between the violence depicted in those games and violence in real life? Students are the main group people who played violent video games very often. Also, losing a game causes many people to have a negative impact. Last, the attitudes on violent game and antisocial. Games are everywhere around us, such as cellphone s, televisions, or computers, but violent games are the most popular type of game. TheRead MoreVideo Game : Violent Video Games927 Words   |  4 PagesThe video game industry possible causing behavioral problems for people of all ages. Video game violence isn’t breaking news for years people have played games with murder and sexual innuendos. People ask why violent video games are so attractive, maybe it’s a way to escape from real life or even therapeutic. History shows us that human being like violence, in roman time gladiators killed people and animals for sport with huge number of people as an audience. Today the video game industry has foundRead MoreVideo Games and Violent Video Games Effect1225 Words   |  5 Pages A video game is â€Å"an electronic game in which players control images on a television or computer screen† (Merriam-Webster). Video games have been entertaining and challenging gamers since the Game Boy to modern console games. Despite the simplicity of the definition of video games, a video game, especially ones containing violence can have a large effect on the gamer. Because of the realism and advancements in the video game industry, video games can influence the player, and can make the gamerRead MoreVideo Game Violence : Violent Video Games1626 Words   |  7 PagesDavis English III 27 March 2015 Video Game Violence Violent video games have been being created since the first console. Yet only recently have we been blaming them for aggression in the player. We as humans have a tendency to blame our violent behavior on other things rather thin ourselves. Now aggression is being defined in many ways in this situation but mainly people point to the anger that’s brought out in the real world after the game or maybe it’s the gamers’ tendency to haveRead MoreViolent Video Games Are Violent1677 Words   |  7 Pages2016 Violent Video Games Effect The future of entertainment revolves around technology which perhaps has caused video games to become more and more realistic over time. Although they often are entertaining, the contents have become more violent and disturbing as computing technology has become much more advanced. These days, the popularity of violent video games has caused an increase in controversy. Many parents and researchers say the video games are now becoming too violent. The violent videoRead MoreViolent Video Games 886 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican child spends on video games per week is 8 hours? That’s a more than a whole school day! Many kids today are spending more and more time on video games. Not only is it damaging to the brain and body, but it also can cause insanity and dementia. Many of the mass murderers of the past have been found to play violent video games. Teens should not be permitted to play violent video games to ensure that they will not become aggressive. The foundation of the first video games was the CRT. The cathodeRead MoreVideo Game And Violent Video Games1574 Words   |  7 PagesAlong with the rapid development of the internet in recent years, game and violence game have become companions of young people. We could not deny the fact that video game already has strong attraction for many people. Especially in today’s society, when work pressure is growing, gaming is an effective solution to relieve tension, dispel feeling of fatigue, anxiety. Playing the normal video game, which it not include any violence scenes, plus regulatory reasonable playing time can help players relaxedRead MoreRegulation of Violent Video Games2128 Words   |  8 PagesIssue: Video games are the primary source of entertainment for children nowadays. Be it in form of Wii Games, Nintendo or Xbox; children nowadays seems to be practically smitten with video games. It was also shown as evidence in some cases that the influence of such games is so huge that few children start speaking and acting like characters in the video games. Many video games, dating back to 1976’s Death Race, contain some or other aspect of violence, such as killing the bad person, driving dangerousRead MoreVideo Game Violence And Violent Video Games2382 Words   |  10 PagesAbstract The issue of video game violence seems to be a hot topic right now after several shootings have occurred and made a connection to the shooters being video gamers. In looking at past research it is apparent that there seems to large amounts of research that contradict one work to another. Although I would have been interested in conducting a poll of the publics opinion regarding the use of violent video games and their connection to mass shootings I was not able to conduct the researchRead MoreVideo Games And Violent Violence1345 Words   |  6 PagesOn television, iPads, cell phones, and even specially made devices for babies and children. Video games are interwoven with our daily lives. For many, it is just an innocent way to relax or enjoy themselves. For others, it has become an addiction in which they cannot escape. Not all video games are violent, but what about those that are? Does society have an obligation to monitor every type of video game children and adults play simply because they believe it may lead to acts of violence? Psychologists

Do Gender Role Stereotypes exist in children(TM)s fairy tale stories Free Essays

I am currently working on a piece of sociological coursework which requires me to explore the relationship between children’s fairy tale stories and gendered roles. From birth biological differences exist between males and females. Sociologists refer to this as sex differences. We will write a custom essay sample on Do Gender Role Stereotypes exist in children(TM)s fairy tale stories? or any similar topic only for you Order Now As we grow older these differences between males and females involve more than biology; they are gendered. Gendered roles are learned. They guide us to behave and perform in ways which fulfill our gender role stereotype. This is achieved via the process of socialisation. When talking in relation to the nature vs. nurture debate, sociologists believe that our gender roles are nurtured by our parents, societal expectations and media influences. The main aim of my coursework is to find out if gender role stereotypes exist in children’s fairy tale stories. I aim to do this by looking at the ways in which fairytale images transform into guided behaviours. My additional aims in which I will investigate include: * Being able to find out what massages fairytale stories send to youngsters from a sociological point of view. I have decided to investigate gender role socialisation because I am extremely interested in the role played by society in the development of this. Furthermore, I would like to find out what makes these stereotypes so common and how fairy tale stories portray gender roles in relation to the images it presents to young children. Sociological research also concerns the roots of gender role within society. Therefore, it would make sense to see how these sociologists have expressed their views on this specific topic. For example, Teya Cherland is a sociologist who researched the topic of gender role stereotyping in fairytale stories and, she made it clear that the insecurities evolving around many young children is growing as they watch and read more and more fairytales. Sociologists believe that we aren’t born to be boys and girls; we learn our gender roles as we grow older. This is a very sentimental point because in my coursework I want to explore gender role stereotyping from a Nature vs. Nurture perspective. My Secondary Sources I have decided to focus on some secondary sources in order to find out what other sociologists think about my chosen topic. The following sources will help me to gather some crucial information to help me meet my overall aim which is to find out if gender role stereotypes exist in children’s fairytale stories. I also want to understand this topic from a sociological point of view and therefore, I will also be using these sources to find out if what I have discovered pairs up to other sociologist’s discoveries. My first results came from an article called Ecclectical. The article was written by a sociologist called Teya Cherland and was publicised in April 2006. In it, Teya explained that young boys and girls hide themselves away from reality because fairytales make them feel insecure of the true beauty that exists within them. Other than this, she outlined that boys and girls find it hard to distinguish reality from the so-called â€Å"dream world† that they visualise from watching T.V. She said, â€Å"Children’s literature plays a key role in shaping a child’s perception of those around her/him and the world they live in.† She then carried on saying â€Å"it is vital to understand how they view real life† This made it clear, her belief was that fairytale stories deliver wrong messages to young kids and make them feel a certain way which can build on their insecurities. This links in with my aim because in my coursework I want to involve some sociological processes and this article brings up the issue of the Nature vs. Nurture debate and helps me to find a way how to link young children’s influences into my query. My second source came from an article titled â€Å"Sex Roles†. This particular article was written by Angela M. Gooden and was publicised In July 2001. In the article it was outlined that children’s books are served as a socializing tool that passed to the next generation. To explain, in her article she said the following, â€Å"Children’s books have the potential of altering perceptions and possibly helping to change lives† This relates back to my investigation because the article explains the fact that children are influenced by societies teachings and, one of my smaller aims are to be able to find out if children are influenced by the images they see and the things they hear when watching fairytales. My third and last source came from a text called Gender identities. This text was written by a sociologist named Ruth and the year of its publication was 2006(April 21st) Ruth investigated on different sociologists own thoughts about gender role and found out that according to the 1990s, boys and girls are directed to different subjects from an early age. She found that from some people stick to the idea that, Teachers pay more attention to boys than girl in the classroom and that the term â€Å"girl power† Ignores continuing structures of inequality. Much of her information supported the idea that the way in which boys and girls are brought up affects they way they feel about â€Å"gender role stereotyping† when their older. The following quote was mentioned in the article. â€Å"Murdock (1949) and Parsons (1955), who were functionalists, both thought that women and men had inbuilt differences that made women more suitable to be carers and men to be breadwinners.† This links in with my investigation because in order to find out whether gender role stereotypes exist in children’s fairytale stories, I need to understand the true meaning of the term â€Å"gender role† and how society portrays it which is provided for me in this source. Overall, all of my chosen sources have enhanced my understanding on my chosen ton topic. I am now able to use this information to help me to answer and evaluate my essay title. How to cite Do Gender Role Stereotypes exist in children(TM)s fairy tale stories?, Papers

The Maltese Falcon Review Essay Example

The Maltese Falcon Review Essay The Maltese Falcon is the classic hardboiled private-eyed movie that is a great example of prototypical film noir. The main character Sam Spade is undeniably a tough and smart guy whose actions are provoked by a stunning femme fatale Brigid OShaughnessy. While everyone in the story eagers to find a priceless artifact, the black statuette of a Maltese Falcon, and is driven by their greed, Spade acts as he is to fulfill his own personal code of honor often ignoring the law. He knows how to handle the police, and he is good at revealing thieves and liars, yet inflicts pain upon himself and his loved one in the process. The belief that love can conquer all is certainly does not apply to Spades worldview. John Huston, the director of The Maltese Falcon, combined Hollywood techniques with elements of German Expressionism to create a style that is composed of dramatic shadows, dim light, and the kind of atmosphere that goes along with dark plots and shady characters. The street scenes are in the darkness of night and, with the exception of Spades office, few sets are well-lighted. Such emphasis on the use of light combined with interesting camera angles create an off-balance feel to the world and portrays the dark side of human nature with cynicism and duplicity. Kasper Gutman, for example, is often shot from below, so he occupies the space and towers over the other people in the scene, indicating his power and domination. We will write a custom essay sample on The Maltese Falcon Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Maltese Falcon Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Maltese Falcon Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The effective use of music, lighting and camera creates a dramatic and frightening atmosphere in the scene when Spade stands on the promenade looking down at the Archer’s dead body. Despite the overall visual darkness of The Maltese Falcon, it is not a depressing film due to its liveliness and acceleration along with the characters’ use of humor in dialogues. Viewers get engaged with the rhythm of the film and even the pessimistic ending does not invoke disappointment or sadness.

10 Literature Essay Topics on #8220;The Red and the White A Family Saga of the American West#8221;

10 Literature Essay Topics on #8220;The Red and the White A Family Saga of the American West#8221; The Red and the White: A Family Saga of the American West by Andrew R. Graybill is one of the interesting works of literature that covers race relations on the frontier and re-visits an obscure historical event that has no marker commemorating its location. A good read for individuals interested in the history of the 19th century West, it is part of many higher education courses as it is quite rich with history, details, and themes. If you have to write a literature essay on The Red and the White: A Family Saga of the American West, you first need to decide on a topic. While you are welcome to check our list of 20 topics on The Red and the White for a literature essay, take a look at the following 10 facts first to understand this book better and possibly come up with your own topic. â€Å"The Red and the White† by Andrew R. Graybill is a multi-layered read. In â€Å"The Red and the White: A Family Saga of the American West†, Andrew R. Graybill tells the story of the Clarke family. The narrative focuses on events which occur during multiple generations of the Clarkes. The book is a thought-provoking examination of Indian-white interracial marriages. The author has masterfully presented the issues faced by the interracial families during the late 19th and early 20th century periods in American history. The person at the center of the historical narrative is Malcolm Clarke, a fur-trader who failed at being a member of the military. He is married to Coth-co-co-na, a member of the Piegan tribe. The narration follows their three successive generations, detailing the struggles they had amongst their surroundings. The novel chronicles the Marias Massacre. Utilizing primary sources at the Montana Historical Society and interviews with the Clarkes’ living relatives, Graybill uncovers forgotten history related to the Marias Massacre, an epochal event for the Blackfeet, but hardly mentioned in history. The Marias Massacre, also called the Baker Massacre, occurred on January 23, 1870. The second US Cavalry, under the command of Major Eugene Baker, mistakenly attacked a Piegan Blackfoot encampment with full force. The Piegans were camped near the Marias River, Montana. The attack was so fierce that the soldiers brutally killed 170-220 Indians. While most were killed during the initial attack, eight of them were executed after they had been recaptured after fleeing. The reason behind the inhumane slaughter was revenge for the murder of Malcolm Clarke by his Piegan wife’s cousin. The book goes over the aftermath of the Marias Massacre. People living during the massacre’s time as well as many present-day historians blame Major Eugene M. Baker for the massacre. A known alcoholic, he is held entirely responsible for the Marias Massacre. Furthermore, he failed to accurately report the scale of the killings. The situation was further exacerbated when the US Army discovered that the Blackfoot camp was full of people suffering from smallpox. The political fallout was dealt with by General Sheridan, who supported Major Baker and managed to prevent an official investigation into the matter. After the massacre, the Blackfeet Nation was weakened significantly. They did not have the numbers to retaliate. The book beautifully depicts the Blackfoot tribe of the North American Great Plains. The Blackfoot tribe belong to the largest North American native language groups, the Algonquian. They were split into three tribes, the largest of which was the Piegan (or Piikni in the Blackfoot language). The Piegan was one of the three groups that lived in the North American Great Plains and made up the Blackfoot Confederacy. The other two were Kainai and Siksika. During the nineteenth century, the Piegans were dominant over a large part of the northern plains. â€Å"The Red and White† shines the light on the demise of the Blackfoot population. The Blackfoot tribe’s numbers reached around 20,000 in the 1900s. The population declined dramatically during times of severe illnesses. Their immune systems could not fight off Eurasian diseases. Infectious diseases, such as smallpox, resulted in epidemics. During the year 1837, a smallpox epidemic wreaked havoc and killed off 6,000 members of the tribe. The Blackfeet also faced severe starvation because of disrupted food supply lines and wars. During the year 1882, a desperate group set out on a buffalo hunt, but failed. Therefore, the next year became known as the Year of Starvation. The book also points out the division of borders and the formation of Nation States. Historians are of the opinion that the Blackfeet nation was a confederacy of three distinct and independent tribes. They lived in distinct parts of the Plains. The Piegan occupied the south, the Bloods occupied the central region, and the North Blackfeet lived in the northern region. There were definite differences among the three tribes though they shared a common culture and a common language. The formation of Canada and USA forced the Piegan to divide their homeland. The tribe signed treaties with both the nation-states and reservations created as a result. Andrew R. Graybill shared the whereabouts of the Blackfeet today. The descendants of the Piegan people in the current times occupy the Blackfeet reservation in Montana. The North Blackfeet and the Bloods live in Alberta on the Canadian reservation. The book detailed how the Blackfeet sustained themselves. The Blackfeet tribes partly relied on agriculture and partly lived off the land. They were also nomadic to some extent. When they mastered the use of horses and guns, they moved westwards to improve their bison hunting. Later on, around the 19th century, they were integrated into the cultures of the Plains Indians. The Blackfoot territories shrunk immensely like the tribe itself. Implementing an executive order by President Ulysses S. Grant in the years 1873 and 1874, the territory controlled by the tribe was reduced. The stretch of land bordered by the Sun River in the south and the Marias River in the north was removed. In the year 1887, the Blood sub-tribe signed a treaty with the Canadian government. Known as the Treaty Number Seven, it effectively restricted their land only to reservations located in Alberta. However, the Piegan still occupied a part of the vast reservation located in the north of the Missouri river. â€Å"The Red and White† discusses the signing of the Sweetgrass Hills Treaty of 1888. The year 1882 was one of the most excruciating times for the Blackfeet. Even though some buffalo hunts proved successful, they were destitute and 600 members of the tribe died from starvation. As a result, they were forced to rely on the US government. The leaders of the tribe, White Calf and Three Suns, decided to sell of a part of the Reservation to fulfill their needs. The Sweetgrass Hills Treaty was signed and ratified by the Congress in the year 1888. The huge Montana Indian reservation was broken apart. This list of facts is quite substantial and will be a great help to any student struggling with their literature essay. If you are also having trouble writing this academic piece, go through our guide on how to write a literature essay on The Red and the White. References: Ewers, J. (1958). The Blackfeet; Raiders on the Northwestern Plains. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. Hungrywolf, A. (2006). The Blackfoot papers. Skookumchuck, B.C.: Good Medicine Cultural Foundation. Indians, S. (2016). Soldiers Massacre the Wrong Camp of Indians Jan 23, 1870 HISTORY.com. HISTORY.com. Retrieved 29 March 2016, from history.com/this-day-in-history/soldiers-massacre-the-wrong-camp-of-indians Schultz, J. (1962). Blackfeet and Buffalo. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. The Marias Massacre. (2016). Legendsofamerica.com. Retrieved 29 March 2016, from legendsofamerica.com/na-mariasmassacre.html Nye 23 Paul Hutton, Montana, the Magazine of Western History The Piegan Massacre , Army Politics and the Transfer Debate vol 32 no.2 Spring 1982, 33 Black, George (2012). The View from Mount Washburn. Empire of Shadows: The Epic Story of Yellowstone. New York: St. Martins Press. Scheick, W. (2015). The Half-Blood. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky Utley, Robert M. (1973). Grants Peace Policy, 1869-74. Frontier Regulars the United States Army and the Indian, 1866-1891. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. Perry, A. (2001). On the Edge of Empire. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. â€Å"EARLY BLACKFOOT HISTORY. American Anthropologist A5: 153–164. April 1892. Grinnell, George Bird George Bird Grinnell Blackfoot Lodge Tales Blackfoot Lodge Tales

Auroch Prehistoric Mammal Facts and Figures

Auroch Prehistoric Mammal Facts and Figures Name: Auroch (German for original ox); pronounced OR-ock Habitat: Plains of Eurasia and northern Africa Historical Epoch: Pleistocene-Modern (2 million-500 years ago) Size and Weight: About six feet high and one ton Diet: Grass Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; prominent horns; larger males than females About the Auroch Sometimes it seems that every contemporary animal had a plus-sized megafauna ancestor during the Pleistocene epoch. A good example is the Auroch, which was pretty much identical to modern oxen with the exception of its size: this dino-cow weighed about a ton, and one imagines that the males of the species were significantly more aggressive than modern bulls. (Technically, the Auroch is classified as Bos primigenius, placing it under the same genus umbrella as modern cattle, to which its directly ancestral.) The Auroch is one of the few prehistoric animals to be commemorated in ancient cave paintings, including a famous drawing from Lascaux in France dating to about 17,000 years ago. As you might expect, this mighty beast figured on the dinner menu of early humans, who played a large part in driving the Auroch into extinction (when they werent domesticating it, thus creating the line that led to modern cows). However, small, dwindling populations of Aurochs survived well into modern times, the last known individual dying in 1627. One little-known fact about the Auroch is that it actually comprised three separate subspecies. The most famous, Bos primigenius primigenius, was native to Eurasia, and is the animal depicted in the Lascaux cave paintings. The Indian Auroch, Bos primigenius namadicus, was domesticated a few thousand years ago into what are now known as Zebu cattle, and the North African Auroch (Bos primigenius africanus) is the most obscure of the three, likely descended from a population native to the Middle East. One historical description of the Auroch was written by, of all people, Julius Caesar, in his History of the Gallic War: These are a little below the elephant in size, and of the appearance, color, and shape of a bull. Their strength and speed are extraordinary; they spare neither man nor wild beast which they have espied. These the Germans take with much pains in pits and kill them. The young men harden themselves with this exercise and practice themselves in this sort of hunting, and those who have slain the greatest number of them, having produced the horns in public, to serve as evidence, receive great praise. Back in the 1920s, a pair of German zoo directors hatched a scheme to resurrect the Auroch via the selective breeding of modern cattle (which share virtually the same genetic material as Bos primigenius, albeit with some important traits suppressed). The result was a breed of oversized oxen known as Heck cattle, which, if not technically Aurochs, at least provide a clue to what these ancient beasts must have looked like. Still, hopes for the resurrection of the Auroch persist, via a proposed process called de-extinction.

Critical Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical Response - Essay Example Population growth and reduction in resources has been a widely discussed dilemma since nineteenth century. However, initially the idea of lack of resources was put forward in 1789, by Reverend Thomas Malthus; his worst fear was global starvation. He pointed out, when growth of a population is not controlled with rapidly depleting non-renewable resources and degrading the capacity of the environment to support its inhabitants; such area is overpopulated and soon becomes the victim of famine, disease or war and requires reducing its human overload. Malthus advocated delay in the time of marriage to check overpopulation, which was purely hypothetical and its implementation was difficult. Malthus predicted overpopulation and tried to stabilize the long term economy of the state, but his theory of late marriages became rather controversial and was considered impractical (Overbeek, 1977, p 4). His theory was condemned by many critics, as it failed to identify the source of the problem and didn’t provide any potential solution, to increase food resources through science and technology. His theory put a stop on the enthusiasm of some of the scholars, who considered growth of population as a sign of development. None of the attention was shed on the subject as his theories were considered misanthropic in that time. Colin D. Butler further explains the scenario by giving examples from the start of 1934, when biotechnological research reached their pinnacle and increased life expectancy, thus decreasing global food supply to nourish the increasing human population. This situation also alerted politicians, demographers as well as the common public and US presidents of different time periods increased their support to different family planning campaigns in different zones of high population. Almost every Theorist and Scientist accept the kind of stress the world is facing and most of it is due to lack of resources. Arguments arise when reasons of these deficiencies a re being discussed. Anup Shah in Global Issues suggest that the reason to most of the problems might be related to the way we produce, consume and waste our resources, which also reflects our lifestyles and its related issues. (Shah, 1998, p 3) In 1970, new crop strains were introduced by â€Å"Green Revolution† which in the period which was predicted to be shadowed by famine, war or disease. Fortunately, this period turned out to be a period of optimism for health sector. The introduction of contraceptives reduced the fertility rate, but did little to control the annual global population growth which concerned many global demographers and scientists. Norman Borlaug, father of Green revolution warned that the organization can feed three decades, only with correct fertility control measures. After which, China announced its one-child policy in 1979. Infliction of forced abortions and restriction on birth caused more psychological problems than ever. This has imbalanced the nat ural process of reproduction and is an artificial method to control the population, which shows not an extensive change in economic condition. Thus, it has become a reason of reduced production in human capital. (Chow, 2007, p 203) Butler further described extensive revolutions that occurred in the economic environment of many countries during 1970s that led to the concern of overpopulation fade away. US decreased its foreign aid, but continued its policies such as Keynesianism, which

The Causes of Criminal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

The Causes of Criminal - Assignment Example Another theory is that, basically, prison hardens individuals to the point where they are more likely to re-commit after long prison sentences (Song and Lieb 3). Whatever the cause, recidivism is a serious problem, with one expert estimating that we could reduce our crime rate by 50% if we could control 10% of the offenders. (Delisi 6). The theory that an individual is, basically, a born criminal posits that individuals are born with a sociopathic personality disorder that makes them prone to commit crimes throughout their lives. (Kanazawa 2). These people are known as the â€Å"life-course persistent,† and they are contrasted with â€Å"adolescence-limited.† (Kanazawa 2). â€Å"Adolescent limited† refers to the individuals who have a troubled, crime-filled youth, but â€Å"age out† of the prison system with maturity, as they settle down, get married and hold a productive adult life. (Kanazawa 2). The â€Å"life-course persistent,† however, do not the age of the prison system and continue to commit crimes throughout their lives. (Kanazawa 2). While the â€Å"adolescent limited† do not seem to be genetically predisposed to a life of crime, the â€Å"life-course persistent† do. As mentioned above, the â€Å"life-course persistent† are comprised mainly of sociopaths, who are â€Å"prone to commit crimes because they are incapable of feeling remorse or empathize with others pain.† (Kanazawa 2). The behavior geneticist Linda Mealey estimated that sociopaths make up 3-4% of the male population and less than 1% of the female population, yet account for 20% of the prison population and between 33% and 80% of the chronic criminal offenders. (Kanazawa 2). That a career criminal is â€Å"born† as opposed to â€Å"made† is but one theory. Another theory holds that a career criminal is â€Å"made† by prison stays. (Song and Lieb 3).

Issues with Balanced Scorecard: A Case Study

Issues with Balanced Scorecard: A Case Study I. â€Å"I think Fitzharrys Ltd’s financial statements are incomplete. a. They contain nothing about the company’s plans and budgets for the year to 31 December 2005, nor about performance since the year end. Its directors are failing in their duty to keep shareholders fully informed of the company’s current performance.† The most up to date records that are available are the records ending in 2004. Although they may not be entirely up to date for the complete benefit of the shareholders, they are the only records that we have to go on. However the results that we do have seem to paint a positive enough picture for us to be confident going forward. They show that Fitzharrys Ltd profit margin and other key indicators have risen inexorably over the past few years, giving Larkmead much to go on when looking at a potential purchase. The figures which we have so far are more than satisfactory, and therefore for us they do not pose a significant problem b. We know that the company has a great deal of goodwill represented by its established name, professional staff and loyal customers. Why does this asset not appear in the financial statements?† There are many possible good reasons as to why the company’s goodwill does not appear in the financial statements. Goodwill is in itself an intangible asset. Whilst there are ways of measuring goodwill, it is not one of the key indicators that we are looking at. It is true that the goodwill of the company may add to what we have to pay for Fitzharrys Ltd, however goodwill is very much an important asset which we will see the many benefits of in any merger. A merger destroys the target’s ‘old’ goodwill and creates ‘new’ goodwill to appear in consolidated books. As such I am unconcerned about the fact that goodwill is not represented on these statements, and feel that it will provide a bonus for Larkmead after any takeover. The fact that it does not appear in the financial statements is more likely than not due to the fact that goodwill is difficult to define in purely monetary terms. II.  I think its financial statements are wrong. The company increased its profit but its cash balance has declined in the year. How can this be correct?† The fact that its profits are up can be seen to be the most important factor. There are also several other factors to be taken into consideration, and I do not believe that these figures are necessarily incorrect. When a profit is recorded other changes on the balance sheet depend on revenue transactions and expense transactions. Often a transaction does not significantly affect the balances in an account as many other factors come into play as a result. The figures which are available are satisfactory and are enough to suggest that Fitzharrys Ltd would be a good investment. III.  The money Fitzharrys Ltd is owed by its customers has gone up by over 55% from 2003 to 2004, and this in a time of recession. Have they lost control over the situation? They may well be owed money; however they are a company who are paid in large by the public sector. Central and local government are not a high debt risk and we can be fairly confident that they will pay back the money which is owed to Fitzharrys Ltd. We will not need debt collection agencies to deal with any central government clients. The country was not in recession in 2003 and 2004, and therefore construction projects undertaken by the government or local councils were not unusual, and I am sure that Fitzharrys ltd had good reasons for accepting credit from these agencies. We can certainly be totally confident that the money will be paid back. Therefore in this case it is not fair to say that the management at Fitzharrys Ltd has lost control over the situation. On the contrary they have gained several good and reliable business contacts. We can be confident to the reliability of Fitzharry Ltd’s clients that the situation is not as bad as if the debtors were individual customers of dubious credit history. IV.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A similar thing has happened to its inventory – it has gone up by nearly 40% as well. Surely this must indicate a lack of management control?† The fact that Fitzharrys Ltd’s inventory has gone up by nearly 40 per cent does not necessarily indicate that there has been any loss of management control by the company. An inventory is a list of goods and materials which is owned by the company – in this case it will be made up largely of construction related stock. In a growing construction company it is only natural that the inventory on that companies books will also grow. In the case of stock which is held by the company, the stock is all produce that can be sold on by the company and therefore adds to Fitzharrys Ltd’s overall value and desirability. Any businesses which stocks too little inventory will then be unable to take advantage of large orders from any customers. It can be seen as generally good overall practice for Fitzharrys Ltd to have this large an inventory as it represents stock that can be used for the benefit of potential clients or, alternatively, can be sold at a profit. However I do share your concern about the level of inventory, at least to a certain extent as there are sometimes problems which an excessive amount of inventory can bring. For one thing there are many things which can be hidden by the account of inventory. Also, whilst it is an asset on the balance sheet, at the same time it is also money tied up which could be used for another purpose other than stock just sitting in a warehouse. Plus, it should be taken into account that a high inventory causes significant tax expenses, which is clearly not desirable. However looking at the overall picture I am unconcerned about this rise in inventory. It shows that the company is growing, can expect further business, and it does not in any way seem to indicate any loss of management control by Fitzharrys Ltd. V.  I may have to sell some of my shares in Larkmead plc. My stockbroker tells me companies like ours have a price/earnings ratio of about 11 to 1. What does this mean, and what does it indicate about the price I should sell my shares for?† Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio is calculated as Market Value Per Share over the Earnings Per Share (EPS) of the company in question. A high P/E means that investors are expecting higher earnings growth in the future from that company. The lower the required rate of return then the greater the growth of earnings. The price earnings ratio tends to rise when the rate of return on surplus rises relative to the rate of growth of profitable investment opportunities. As bubbles inflate price-earnings ratios will rise above those predicted by fundamental analysis. Therefore in recent years many businesses may have experienced inflated Price Earnings ratios, and with the oncoming recession it could reasonably expected that the Price Earnings ratio will fall. In your case 11/1 translates as 11. In the same way as 49/7 calculates as seven – this is how P/E is calculated. 11 is just below what you might expect to be the average for a P/E ratio, and therefore will fetch a fairly decent total on the stock market. A balanced scorecard is a performance managing tool which is used for making sure that the various component parts of an organisation share one general overall shared goal. It is a highly effective way of assessing corporate performance. A balanced scorecard approach focuses not only on financial outcomes, but also on other key organisational factors, such as an organsiations’ employees and its customers. The balanced scorecard approach has been enormously successful and popular[1] since its introduction. It is estimated that by 2005 the Balanced Scorecard approach had been adopted by 44 per cent of the UKs top FTSE 100 companies[2] meaning that it has almost eclipsed the traditional focus on reported profitability by organisations The first individuals to put forward the balanced scorecard approach were Robert Kaplan and David Norton in the early nineties, although many of the practices that they set up had been in use for a while, with companies such as General Electric being pioneers in the 1950s. Kaplan and Norton were concerned with producing alignment in companies and suggested the use of the balanced scorecard approach, whilst they also suggested other methods such as Strategy Maps.[3] The strategic balanced scorecard is built up around central key perspectives – often four perspectives but occasionally up to five perspectives. These are the financial perspective, the customer perspective, the internal processes perspective, the perspective of innovation and improvement, and the employee perspective. The financial perspective was previously the only perspective which mattered in many organisational models, and the disproportionate focus on reported profitability was a problem. Hence the use of the word ‘balanced’ in the balanced scorecard, as the other perspectives provide a balance against the financial perspective, thus helping organisations to provide an effective overall strategy. Many of the benefits of balanced scorecards come from the implementation methods. There are typically four processes in implementing balanced scorecards. Firstly translating the vision of the organisation into operational goals. Secondly communicating that vision and linking that vision to individual performances of members of staff operating within the organsiational framework. Thirdly business planning, and finally receiving feedback and adjusting the strategy in accordance with that feedback. The balanced scorecard relies on key performance indicators such as customer satisfaction and overall equipment effectiveness. The balanced scorecard defines the strategic linkages to integrate performance across organisations, and aligns strategic initiatives. A balanced scorecard tends to have a set of goals which are linked to each of the four or five core perspectives. Once the goals linked to the perspectives have been decided upon then links are found between the goals across the various perspectives in order to join up the various component parts of the companies overall corporate strategy. These various links help to provide an effective overall joined-up corporate strategy. The role of the balanced scorecard is therefore to clarify strategy, to focus an organisation and to make the strategy easily operational. The balanced scorecard helps to promote an overall vision and it acts as an umbrella for a variety of often disconnected corporate programmes. Another advantage of the balanced scorecard is that it is not over-complicated, and it therefore does not result in confusion as to the meaning of the various perspectives and goals. In order to prevent any such confusion it is worth being cautious about setting an excessive number of objectives, as this can be a disadvantage[4], introducing confusion to a relatively simple system. A balanced scorecard is a highly desirable tool as it helps to provide an overall organisational performance, which is very much important in business. An example of an organistaion which naturally has an obvious overall strategy is a football club. Whereas at a football club everyone knows that your aim is to score goals and move up the league table, such clear aims do not necessarily exist in an organisation, particularly for individual employees working in that organisation who often only see there existence as within their little team. The aim of the balanced scorecard was to move away from this narrow perspective, and to create a broader vision where what the company is trying to achieve becomes more obvious for employees. A sporting analogy can often be successful in an organsiation As with football clubs, in business a simple goal is always most desirable. Progress needs to be communicated to individuals in a business, in a similar way to how they would in a football club. A balanced scorecard provides a methodology that turns the eyes of all employees in a single direction, and helps those at the top of the organisation keep in contact with those in the rest of the organsiation. The role of feedback in the balanced scorecard method is vital. The balanced scorecard is however not entirely without its critics. One criticism of balanced scorecards is that they are not based on any proven financial or economic theory, and that the relative youth of the theory means that few holes have yet to be picked in the scorecard. There is also a belief that positive feedback from balanced scorecards could be in part due to a sort of placebo effect from companies who are in thrall to the supposed wonder of balanced scorecards, and are incapable of looking at balanced scorecards with a critical eye. These criticisms will still take several years to be borne out, however it does seem at this time that those companies – both public sector and private sector – are very happy with the advances that the balanced scorecard has brought. As a result of this criticisms of the balanced scorecard approach are still very much few and far between. In conclusion a balanced scorecard is very useful in providing an overall organisational vision and organisational strategy. Through a balanced scorecard the often undervalued employees are included as part of an overall vision in an organsiation, and are helped to understand their overall role and their responsibilities. In this way corporate performance is assessed and feedback can in turn go back to the top of the organsiation so that improvements can be successfully implemented. The traditional focus on reported profitability lacks the subtlety of the balanced scorecard approach, which is perhaps why top organsiations in both the public and the private sector are increasingly using the balanced scorecard approach to the assessment of corporate performance. It certainly seems to be a highly successful mode of assessment, and any criticisms are yet to be fully fleshed out. By providing a framework of assessment which works this effectively, overall organisational goals can be more easily set out any implemented. Bibliography Kaplan, R.S. Norton, D.P. 1996, The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy into Action, Harvard Business School Press, Harvard. Kpcke, Richard W., â€Å"Profits and Stock Prices: The Importance of Being Earnest†, New England Economic Review, 1992, p 26+ Maclean, Rob, â€Å"Alignment: Using the Balanced Scorecard to Create Corporate Synergies†, Australian Journal of Management, Volume: 31. Issue: 2, 2006, p 367+ Stancil, John L., â€Å"Balanced Scorecard Diagnostics-Maintaining Maximum Performance†, Issues in Accounting Education, Volume: 21. Issue: 2, 2006, p 158+ â€Å"Kaplan Brings Balanced Scorecard to Brum†, The Birmingham Post, March 11 2005 Footnotes [1] Maclean, Rob, â€Å"Alignment: Using the Balanced Scorecard to Create Corporate Synergies†, Australian Journal of Management, Volume: 31. Issue: 2, 2006, p 367+ [2] â€Å"Kaplan Brings Balanced Scorecard to Brum†, The Birmingham Post, March 11 2005 [3] Maclean, Rob, â€Å"Alignment: Using the Balanced Scorecard to Create Corporate Synergies†, Australian Journal of Management, Volume: 31. Issue: 2, 2006, p 367+ [4] Stancil, John L., â€Å"Balanced Scorecard Diagnostics-Maintaining Maximum Performance†, Issues in Accounting Education, Volume: 21. Issue: 2, 2006, p 158+

Deception Point Page 57

â€Å"Where†¦ are we?† Rachel managed, the simple act of trying to speak bringing on a crashing headache. The man massaging her replied, â€Å"You're on the medical deck of a Los Angeles class-â€Å" â€Å"On deck!† someone called out. Rachel sensed a sudden commotion all around her, and she tried to sit up. One of the men in blue helped, propping her up, and pulling the blankets up around her. Rachel rubbed her eyes and saw someone striding into the room. The newcomer was a powerful African-American man. Handsome and authoritative. His uniform was khaki. â€Å"At ease,† he declared, moving toward Rachel, stopping over her and gazing down at her with strong black eyes. â€Å"Harold Brown,† he said, his voice deep and commanding. â€Å"Captain of the U.S.S. Charlotte. And you are?† U.S.S. Charlotte, Rachel thought. The name seemed vaguely familiar. â€Å"Sexton†¦,† she replied. â€Å"I'm Rachel Sexton.† The man looked puzzled. He stepped closer, studying her more carefully. â€Å"I'll be damned. So you are.† Rachel felt lost. He knows me? Rachel was certain she did not recognize the man, although as her eyes dropped from his face to the patch on his chest, she saw the familiar emblem of an eagle clutching an anchor surrounded by the words U.S. NAVY. It now registered why she knew the name Charlotte. â€Å"Welcome aboard, Ms. Sexton,† the captain said. â€Å"You've gisted a number of this ship's recon reports. I know who you are.† â€Å"But what are you doing in these waters?† she stammered. His face hardened somewhat. â€Å"Frankly, Ms. Sexton, I was about to ask you the same question.† Tolland sat up slowly now, opening his mouth to speak. Rachel silenced him with a firm shake of her head. Not here. Not now. She had no doubt the first thing Tolland and Corky would want to talk about was the meteorite and the attack, but this was certainly not a topic to discuss in front of a Navy submarine crew. In the world of intelligence, regardless of crisis, CLEARANCE remained king; the meteorite situation remained highly classified. â€Å"I need to speak to NRO director William Pickering,† she told the captain. â€Å"In private, and immediately.† The captain arched his eyebrows, apparently unaccustomed to taking orders on his own ship. â€Å"I have classified information I need to share.† The captain studied her a long moment. â€Å"Let's get your body temperature back, and then I'll put you in contact with the NRO director.† â€Å"It's urgent, sir. I-† Rachel stopped short. Her eyes had just seen a clock on the wall over the pharmaceutical closet. 19:51 HOURS. Rachel blinked, staring. â€Å"Is†¦ is that clock right?† â€Å"You're on a navy vessel, ma'am. Our clocks are accurate.† â€Å"And is that†¦ Eastern time?† â€Å"7:51 P.M. Eastern Standard. We're out of Norfolk.† My God! she thought, stunned. It's only 7:51 P.M.? Rachel had the impression hours had passed since she passed out. It was not even past eight o'clock? The President has not yet gone public about the meteorite! I still have time to stop him! She immediately slid down off the bed, wrapping the blanket around her. Her legs felt shaky. â€Å"I need to speak to the President right away.† The captain looked confused. â€Å"The president of what?† â€Å"Of the United States!† â€Å"I thought you wanted William Pickering.† â€Å"I don't have time. I need the President.† The captain did not move, his huge frame blocking her way. â€Å"My understanding is that the President is about to give a very important live press conference. I doubt he's taking personal phone calls.† Rachel stood as straight as she could on her wobbly legs and fixed her eyes on the captain. â€Å"Sir, you do not have the clearance for me to explain the situation, but the President is about to make a terrible mistake. I have information he desperately needs to hear. Now. You need to trust me.† The captain stared at her a long moment. Frowning, he checked the clock again. â€Å"Nine minutes? I can't get you a secure connection to the White House in that short a time. All I could offer is a radiophone. Unsecured. And we'd have to go to antenna depth, which will take a few-â€Å" â€Å"Do it! Now!† 67 The White House telephone switchboard was located on the lower level of the East Wing. Three switchboard operators were always on duty. At the moment, only two were seated at the controls. The third operator was at a full sprint toward the Briefing Room. In her hand, she carried a cordless phone. She'd tried to patch the call through to the Oval Office, but the President was already en route to the press conference. She'd tried to call his aides on their cellulars, but before televised briefings, all cellular phones in and around the Briefing Room were turned off so as not to interrupt the proceedings. Running a cordless phone directly to the President at a time like this seemed questionable at best, and yet when the White House's NRO liaison called claiming she had emergency information that the President must get before going live, the operator had little doubt she needed to jump. The question now was whether she would get there in time. In a small medical office onboard the U.S.S. Charlotte, Rachel Sexton clutched a phone receiver to her ear and waited to talk to the President. Tolland and Corky sat nearby, still looking shaken. Corky had five stitches and a deep bruise on his cheekbone. All three of them had been helped into Thinsulate thermal underwear, heavy navy flight suits, oversized wool socks, and deck boots. With a hot cup of stale coffee in her hand, Rachel was starting to feel almost human again. â€Å"What's the holdup?† Tolland pressed. â€Å"It's seven fifty-six!† Rachel could not imagine. She had successfully reached one of the White House operators, explained who she was and that this was an emergency. The operator seemed sympathetic, had placed Rachel on hold, and was now, supposedly, making it her top priority to patch Rachel through to the President. Four minutes, Rachel thought. Hurry up! Closing her eyes, Rachel tried to gather her thoughts. It had been one hell of a day. I'm on a nuclear submarine, she said to herself, knowing she was damned lucky to be anywhere at all. According to the submarine captain, the Charlotte had been on a routine patrol in the Bering Sea two days ago and had picked up anomalous underwater sounds coming from the Milne Ice Shelf-drilling, jet noise, lots of encrypted radio traffic. They had been redirected and told to lie quietly and listen. An hour or so ago, they'd heard an explosion in the ice shelf and moved in to check it out. That was when they heard Rachel's SOS call. â€Å"Three minutes left!† Tolland sounded anxious now as he monitored the clock. Rachel was definitely getting nervous now. What was taking so long? Why hadn't the President taken her call? If Zach Herney went public with the data as it stood- Rachel forced the thought from her mind and shook the receiver. Pick up! As the White House operator dashed toward the stage entrance of the Briefing Room, she was met with a gathering throng of staff members. Everyone here was talking excitedly, making final preparations. She could see the President twenty yards away waiting at the entrance. The makeup people were still primping. â€Å"Coming through!† the operator said, trying to get through the crowd. â€Å"Call for the President. Excuse me. Coming through!† â€Å"Live in two minutes!† a media coordinator called out. Clutching the phone, the operator shoved her way toward the President. â€Å"Call for the President!† she panted. â€Å"Coming through!† A towering roadblock stepped into her path. Marjorie Tench. The senior adviser's long face grimaced down in disapproval. â€Å"What's going on?†

Is The Judicial System Broken - 1062 Words

Noemi Martinez Rough Draft Law 206 Prof. Heller 12/02/2014 Is the Judicial System broken? In 1789, each of the thirteen states had already establish a judicial system such as criminal and civil cases. The United States Constitution is the original document in which it established fundamental laws for the national government as well as protecting the right of the citizens. The U.S Constitution was designed to avoid too much power in the system of checks and balances. As years went by, the Constitution began to adapt to the modern changes. Subsequently, the judicial system began to full fill the U.S Constitution’s purpose. Both Federal and State have their own jurisdiction and functions as stated in the Constitution. However, in recent years the judicial system has been broken due to lack of structure in law on the book and law in action. Crime is committed everyday; some are reported and others crimes are not. Defendants accused of violating the law have characteristics that are implemented in the judicial system. The characteristics of a defendant in the judicia l system is male, poor ,minority, uneducated, unemployed and unmarried. High crime rates, racial discrimination, bias makes the the judicial system broken. Racial discrimination has been part of the American judicial system. It Defendants are not treated fairly based on racial discrimination is an example that the judicial system is broken. It is stated that in America one third of Americans areShow MoreRelatedThe Criminal Justice Process From The Point Of View975 Words   |  4 Pagesto convince the jury and judge of the defendant’s guilt. Other than pre-trial and post-trial motions, the last significant steps of the process concerning the two parties are the sentencing and/or the appeal. 2. How are the federal and state judicial systems alike and different? 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